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Andrew K. Lee, M.D., M.P.H.

Medical Director

Provider Type:
  • Physician
Specialties:
  • Proton Therapy
  • Radiation Oncology for Adults

Background / Education

  • Residency in Radiation Oncology
    Harvard Medical School-Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA
  • Internship in Internal Medicine
    Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
  • Medical Doctorate
    University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
  • Master of Public Health
    Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

Memberships / Honors / Awards

  • U.S. News & World Report‘s List of Best Doctors
  • University Cancer Foundation Faculty Achievement Award in Patient Care, 2014, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology
  • American Urological Association
  • American Society for Radiation Oncology

Summary

A renowned oncology leader, innovator, and researcher, Dr. Andrew Lee serves as medical director of Texas Center for Proton Therapy.

Prior to joining Texas Center for Proton Therapy in 2015, Dr. Lee served almost 14 years at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, where he pioneered many firsts in the field of proton therapy.

He launched proton therapy treatment at MD Anderson Cancer Center and treated the facility’s first proton therapy patient in 2006. He served as the first and founding director of the Program for Advanced Technology and also as the medical director of the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center.

Dr. Lee was the first physician to treat patients with spot-scanning proton therapy in North America, commonly known as pencil-beam scanning, which enables greater conformality in tumor treatments compared to traditional proton beam therapy.

He pioneered the use of fiducial markers with image-guidance at MD Anderson to improve tumor localization to optimize the accuracy of proton therapy.

A dedicated radiation oncology educator, Dr. Lee served as the first program director of the MD Anderson Cancer Center Proton Fellowship.

Dr. Lee has been consistently named to the U.S. News & World Report list of Best Doctors in America and was recognized at MD Anderson in 2014 as the first and only radiation oncologist to receive the prestigious University Cancer Foundation Faculty Achievement Award in Patient Care, which is awarded to the faculty member who exemplifies excellence in patient care.

He has co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, abstracts, and book chapters on his research in the areas of prostate cancer and proton therapy, and is internationally recognized as a leader in proton therapy for prostate cancer. Dr. Lee also specializes in treating patients with genitourinary cancers (e.g. bladder, testis) that are localized or metastatic.

Having grown up in Minnesota, Dr. Lee is an avid fisherman and enjoys playing ice hockey.

Publications

Show all Publications
  • Current Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer in the United States

    Journal of Urology, 2014

  • Impact of a Clinical Trial Initiative on Clinical Trial Enrollment in a Multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Clinic

    Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2014

  • A Single-Field Integrated Boost Treatment Planning Technique for Spot Scanning Proton Therapy

    Radiation Oncology, 2014

  • Proton Beam Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

    Cancer Journal, 2014

  • Use of Treatment Log Files in Spot Scanning Proton Therapy as Part of Patient-Specific Quality Assurance

    Medical Physics, 2013

  • Establishing and Expanding the Indications for Proton and Particle Therapy

    Acta Oncologica, 2013

  • Multifield Optimization Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (MFO-IMPT) for Prostate Cancer: Robustness Analysis Through Simulation of Rotational and Translational Alignment Errors

    Medical Dosimetry, 2013

  • A Fully Automated Method for CT-on-Rails-Guided Online Adaptive Planning for Prostate Cancer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

  • Factors Associated With Improved Biochemical Response to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy Before Definitive Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients

    Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 2013

  • Statistical Assessment of Proton Treatment Plans under Setup and Range Uncertainties

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

  • Declining Use of Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

    Brachytherapy, 2013

  • Anatomic Variation and Dosimetric Consequences of Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy Before Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    Practical Radiation Oncology, 2013

  • Core Physics Competencies for Proton Therapy Training of Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics Residents and Fellows

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

  • Quality of Life and Toxicity From Passively Scattered and Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2013

  • Dosimetric Effects of Weight Loss or Gain During Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    Medical Dosimetry, 2013

  • Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting Pathologic T3 Disease in Gleason Score 7 Prostate Cancer: Implications for Prostate Brachytherapy

    Brachytherapy, 2012

  • Verification of Proton Range, Position, and Intensity in IMPT With a 3D Liquid Scintillator Detector System

    Medical Physics, 2012

  • Proton Beam Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

    Practical Radiation Oncology, 2012

  • A Comprehensive Comparison of IMRT and VMAT Plan Quality for Prostate Cancer Treatment

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2012

  • Is Androgen Deprivation Therapy Necessary in All Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated in the Dose Escalation Era?

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2012

  • Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality After Definitive Radiation Therapy: Who Dies of Disease?

    European Journal of Cancer, 2012

  • Screening Colonoscopy Before Prostate Cancer Treatment Can Detect Colorectal Cancers in Asymptomatic Patients and Reduce the Rate of Complications After Brachytherapy

    Practical Radiation Oncology, 2012

  • Uncertainty Incorporated Beam Angle Optimization for IMPT Treatment Planning

    Medical Physics, 2012

  • Addition of Short-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy to Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Improves Failure-Free Survival for Select Men With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

    Annals of Oncology, 2012

  • Effectiveness of a Novel Gas-Release Endorectal Balloon in the Removal of Rectal Gas for Prostate Proton Radiation Therapy

    Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2012

  • In-Phantom Dose Verification of Prostate IMRT and VMAT Deliveries Using Plastic Scintillation Detectors

    Radiation Measurements, 2012

  • Risk of Radiogenic Second Cancers Following Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Proton Arc Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2012

  • PSA Response to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy Is a Strong Independent Predictor of Survival in High-Risk Prostate Cancer in the Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Era

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2012

  • Dosimetric Impact of Fiducial Markers in Patients Undergoing Photon Beam Radiation Therapy

    Physica Medica, 2011

  • Efficacy and Safety of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists Used in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

    Journal of Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 2011

  • A Beam-Specific Planning Target Volume (PTV) Design for Proton Therapy to Account for Setup and Range Uncertainties

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

  • Characterization of Dose Impact on IMRT and VMAT From Couch Attenuation for Two Varian Couches

    Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2011

  • Long-term Failure Patterns and Survival in a Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Who Dies of Disease? 

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

  • Patient-Specific Quality Assurance for Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Spot Scanning Proton Therapy Using Single-Field Uniform Dose

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2011

  • Role of Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Lymph Nodes in Urologic Malignancies

    Urologic Clinics of North America, 2011

  • Toxicity Associated With Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2010

  • Appropriate Use of Nomograms to Guide Prostate Cancer Treatment Selection

    Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2010

  • Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Treatment Planning Using Single-Field Optimization: The Impact of Monitor Unit Constraints on Plan Quality

    Medical Physics, 2010

  • A Volumetric Trend Analysis of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles During a Course of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

    American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2010

  • Toward a Real-Time In Vivo Dosimetry System Using Plastic Scintillation Detectors

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

  • Spot Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Treatment Planning Technique and Analysis of Consequences of Rotational and Translational Alignment Errors

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

  • Late Rectal Toxicity on RTOG 94-06: Analysis Using a Mixture Lyman Model

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010

  • Dose Perturbations and Image Artifacts Caused by Carbon-Coated Ceramic and Stainless Steel Fiducials Used in Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2010

  • Prostogram Predicted Brachytherapy Outcomes Are Not Universally Accurate: An Analysis Based on the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience With (125)iodine Brachytherapy

    Journal of Urology, 2009

  • Risk of Secondary Malignant Neoplasms From Proton Therapy and Intensity-Modulated X-Ray Therapy for Early-Stage Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2009

  • Comparison of Surface Doses From Spot Scanning and Passively Scattered Proton Therapy Beams

    Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2009

  • Effectiveness of Using Fewer Implanted Fiducial Markers for Prostate Target Alignment

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2009

  • The MD Anderson Proton Therapy System

    Medical Physics, 2009

  • Urinary Side Effects and Complications After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience

    Urology, 2009

  • Dosimetric Changes Resulting From Patient Rotational Setup Errors in Proton Therapy Prostate Plans

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

  • Can Digital Rectal Examination or Transrectal Ultrasonography Biopsy Findings Predict the Side of Nodal Metastasis in Prostate Cancer?

    Urologic Oncology, 2008

  • Long-Term Results of the M. D. Anderson Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

  • Reducing Stray Radiation Dose to Patients Receiving Passively Scattered Proton Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

    Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2008

  • Daily Bone Alignment With Limited Repeat CT Correction Rivals Daily Ultrasound Alignment for Prostate Radiotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

  • Prostate Specific Antigen Working Group Guidelines on Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time

    Journal of Urology, 2008

  • Quantification of Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Interfraction Variation During IMRT

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

  • Is a Loose-Seed Nomogram Still Valid for Prostate Brachytherapy in a Stranded-Seed Era?

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2008

  • Effect of Anatomic Motion on Proton Therapy Dose Distributions in Prostate Cancer Treatment

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2007

  • Surgically Managed Lymph Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: Does Delaying Hormonal Therapy Worsen the Outcome?

    BJU International, 2007

  • Patient Selection, Cancer Control, and Complications After Salvage Local Therapy for Postradiation Prostate-Specific Antigen Failure: A Systematic Review of the Literature

    Cancer, 2007

  • An Assessment of Quality of Life Following Radical Prostatectomy, High Dose External Beam Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy Iodine Implantation As Monotherapies for Localized Prostate Cancer

    Journal of Urology, 2007

  • Changes in the Pelvic Anatomy After an IMRT Treatment Fraction of Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2007

  • Commentary on "Cancer Specific Mortality After Radiation Therapy with Short-Course Hormonal Therapy or Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Localized, Intermediate-Risk to High-Risk Prostate Cancer"

    The American Journal of Hematology/Oncology, 2007

  • Implication of CT Table Sag on Geometrical Accuracy During Virtual Simulation

    Medical Dosimetry, 2007

  • Investigation of Bladder Dose and Volume Factors Influencing Late Urinary Toxicity After External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2007

  • Is a 3-mm Intrafractional Margin Sufficient for Daily Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer?

    Radiotherapy & Oncology, 2007

  • Monte Carlo Simulations of the Dosimetric Impact of Radiopaque Fiducial Markers for Proton Radiotherapy of the Prostate

    Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2007

  • Using Prostate-Specific Antigen Doubling Time in Clinical Practice

    BJU International, 2007

  • Reducing Metal Artifacts in Cone-Beam CT Images by Preprocessing Projection Data

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2006

  • Late Gastrointestinal Toxicity After Radiation for Prostate Cancer

    Cancer, 2006

  • Presalvage Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and PSA Doubling Time as Predictors of Biochemical Failure of Salvage Cryotherapy in Patients With Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radiotherapy

    Cancer, 2006

  • Influence of Obesity on Biochemical and Clinical Failure After External-Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

    Cancer, 2006

  • Update on Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer

    Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2006

  • Dosimetric Comparison of Four Target Alignment Methods for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2006

  • Radiation Therapy Combined With Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer

    Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 2006

  • Assessing the Impact of an Alternative Biochemical Failure Definition on Radiation Dose Response for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With External Beam Radiotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

  • Dose-Response Characteristics of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With External Beam Radiotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

  • Implementation and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Deformable Registration Algorithm for Targeted Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

  • Symptomatic Local Recurrence of Prostate Carcinoma After Radiation Therapy

    Cancer, 2005

  • Is Patient Age a Factor in the Occurrence of Prostate-Specific Antigen Bounce Phenomenon After External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer?

    Urology, 2005

  • Outcome of Salvage Radiotherapy for Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy With or Without Hormonal Therapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

  • Prostate-Specific Antigen Doubling Time Predicts Clinical Outcome and Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Combined Radiation and Hormone Therapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2005

  • Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics in Addition to Clinical Factors in the Selection of Patients for Salvage Local Therapy

    Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

  • Comparison of Treatment Volumes and Techniques in Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy

    American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

  • Mortality After Cure of Testicular Seminoma

    Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004

  • In Vivo Tumor Imaging in Mice With Near-Infrared Labeled Endostatin

    Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2004

  • Evaluation of a Contour-Alignment Technique for CT-Guided Prostate Radiotherapy: An Intra- and Interobserver Study

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2004

  • Rise in Serum PSA of 1.5 Ng/mL Above 24-Month Nadir After External Beam Radiotherapy Is Predictive of Biochemical Failure

    Urology, 2004

  • Racial Influence on Biochemical Disease-Free Survival in Men Treated With External-Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

    Journal of the National Medical Association, 2004

  • Can the Core Length Involved With Prostate Cancer Identify Clinically Insignificant Disease in Low Risk Patients Diagnosed on the Basis of a Single Positive Core?

    Urologic Oncology, 2003

  • Bcl-2 Is Significantly Overexpressed in Localized Radio-Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma, Compared With Localized Radio-Naive Prostate Carcinoma

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

  • Hazard Rates of Disease Progression After External Beam Radiotherapy for Clinically Localized Carcinoma of the Prostate

    Journal of Urology, 2003

  • Current Results of Brachytherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma

    Current Opinion in Oncology, 2003

  • Dosimetric Consequences of Using a Surrogate Urethra to Estimate Urethral Dose After Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

  • Utility of the Percentage of Positive Prostate Biopsies in Predicting PSA Outcome After Radiotherapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2003

  • Uncertainties in Physical and Biological Targeting With Radiation Therapy

    Rays, 2003

  • Prostate Specific Antigen Bounce Phenomenon After External Beam Radiation for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

    Journal of Urology, 2002

  • Percentage of Core Lengths Involved With Prostate Cancer: Does It Add to the Percentage of Positive Prostate Biopsies in Predicting Postoperative Prostate-Specific Antigen Outcome for Men With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer?

    Urology, 2002

  • Optimizing Patient Selection for Prostate Monotherapy

    International Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2001

  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Single Brain Metastasis

    Journal of Radiosurgery, 1998

  • Characterization of the Three-Compartment Gel-Entrapment Porcine Hepatocyte Bioartificial Liver

    Cell Biology and Toxicology, 1997

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